Action on invasives short course on classical weed biological. Neotropical entomology, volume 46, issue 5 springer. An exotic beetle for biological suppression of parthenium hysterophorus l. Enhancing biosuppression of parthenium hysterophorus. New developments in the biology of chrysomelidae 2004. Highlights the paper highlights the importance of augmentative release of biocontrol agents of weeds. It is an essential supplement to a course that i wrote and teach in invertebrate zoology in red deer, alberta canada. Lethal and sublethal effects of insecticides on the. Insects released in australia for the biological control of parthenium weed species origin release biology host plants established references smicronyx lutulentus mexico 19811983 seedfeeding parthenium no mcfadyen and col. Zygogramma exclamationis is a pest species of sunflower crops in north america.
One of these effective biological agents against parthenium is the leaffeeding beetle, zygogramma bicolorata pallister coleoptera. Phytochemistry and antimicrobial activity of parthenium. New developments in the biology of chrysomelidae brill. The insect entered diapause over an extended period of time between july and december in bangalore. However, research has begun at the cabi labs in rawalpindi and is attempting to break diapause early in order to make releases of z. Acute toxicity and sublethal effects of six commonly used insecticides, i. Mating experience influences mate choice and reproductive. Biology 2e is designed to cover the scope and sequence requirements of a typical twosemester biology course for science majors. Chrysomelidae and stemgalling moth epiblema strenuana lepidoptera. Zygogramma bicolorata biological control of parthenium is the most costeffective, environmentally safe and ecologically viable method available. Life table of the parthenium beetle, zygogramma bicolorata. Each day the beetles are provided with fresh parthenium leaves and data collection.
Bowling green state university biology 2050 concepts in biology ii laboratory manual 9780077691479. Zygogramma bicolorata individuals used in the study were obtained from. It is known to cause allergic rhinitis and dermatitis in humans, and affects livestock both by reducing the availability. Pdf activity enhancement of zygogramma bicolorata, a biocontrol. Written for academic researchers in environmental physiology and entomology, this book explores the physiological and molecular mechanisms that enable insects to cope with a cold environment and places these findings into an evolutionary and ecological context. Ragweed leaf beetle zygogramma suturalis fabricius. Studies on biology of zygogramma bicolorata pallister on parthenium hysterophorus linnaeus showed that the mexican beetle laid small, oblong, elongated, light yellow eggs on leaf surface and lid.
Diapause in zygogramma bicolorata pallister and its manipulation through insulin like peptides ilps. Overwintering biology of the sunflower beetle, zygogramma exclamationis coleoptera. New data on the biology of phaedon fulvescens coleoptera, chrysomelinae, a potential biological control agent on rubus alceifolius rosaceae thomas le bourgeois, aurelien goillot, and alain carrara. Chrysomelidae, which is a promising biological control agent of the neotropical weed, parthenium hysterophorus l. Diapause behaviour of zygogramma bicolorata coleoptera.
Sep 23, 2016 zygogramma bicolorata, a biocontrol agent, established on parthenium in ethiopia september 23, 2016 by iapps parthenium hysterophorus l. Zygogramma bicolorata pallister was introduced for biological control trials against the wee partheniumd hysterophorus asteraceae in india. Biology of zygogramma bicolorata pallister coleoptera. Sunflower beetle zygogramma exclamationis fabricius. Cai, am, song yg, shabbir a, he x, yan r, yan h, xu l, he w, zw zhang 2017 individualand groupbased interspecific competition between alien invasive plant erigeron annuus and two coexisting herbs. Diapause regulation in zygogramma bicolorata coleoptera. Biological control against parthenium weed in australia. Does host plant quality constrain the performance of the. Weeds play an important role in human affairs over much of the earth. Redistribution of zygogramma bicolorata to control. Like the others in the series, the zoology coloring book is a beautifully drawn and compiled survey of the animal kingdom. Information about mating status can be used to decide about whether to invest resources in mating with a particular partner. This is a weed of global significance responsible for severe human and. Despite this, in 2003, south africa became the first african country and only the third country worldwide.
Parthenium hysterophorus is the seventh noxious alien species distributed in different part of the world. Parthenium hysterophorus is a serious weed infesting a large area of land in karnataka, india. Effects and management of parthenium hysterophorus. Accompanying cdrom reproduces the cover, table of contents, list of contributors, preface, and foreword of book, and also includes full text of two papers for which only an abstract is found in the book.
The students who enroll in this course slugs and bugs find the book an invaluable learning resource. The present study aimed to assess the effects of temperature and altitude on feeding attributes consumption rate, conversion efficiency and growth rate of adults from the wild. The biological control of parthenium in pakistan is focused mainly on zygogramma bicolorata, also known as the parthenium leaf beetle. Biology includes rich features that engage students in scientific inquiry, highlight careers in the biological sciences, and offer.
Originally regarded as a major weed in australia and india, parthenium weed is now widespread in around 48 countries in africa, asia and the south pacific, and has the potential to spread to new countries in africa, asia and europe. New developments in the biology of chrysomelidae by pierre. The plant exhibits wide ecological amplitude, and invades and competes with all types of crops, especially vegetables, with substantial losses in yield. Pucciniaceae, which was released in 2010, and both the leaffeeding beetle zygogramma bicolorata pallister coleoptera. Biological control of parthenium hysterophorus by the. The annual herbaceous plant, parthenium hysterophorus l. Botanica orientalisjournal of plant science, 8, 100104. Asteraceae in south africa initiation of biological. We subjected both unmated and multiply mated males and females to different mate choice trials. It is a serious weed of wastelands, pastures and agricultural fields, especially in india and australia. Publications international journal of agriculture and.
Biology of the cell editorinchief, parasitology research, european journal of protozoology, journal of ultrastructure research and the malarial journal. Low temperature biology of insects edited by david l. Diapausing adults burrowed into the soil, and emerged in mayjune with the commencement of monsoon rains. Asteraceae, a noxious plant, inhabits many parts of the world, in addition to its native range in north and south america and the west indies. Plantherbivore asynchrony necessitates augmentative. Over a period of 3 years augmentation resulted in decrease in parthenium stand. Written for academic researchers in environmental physiology and entomology, this book explores the physiological and molecular mechanisms that enable insects to cope with a cold environment and places these findings into an evolutionary. Temperature and altitude modulate feeding attributes of. Text is available under the creative commons attributionsharealike license.
There was a reduction in the pathenium density and plant height in the augmented sites. The leaffeeding beetle, zygogramma bicolorata pallister was first observed in. Zygogramma is a large genus of leaf beetles in the subfamily chrysomelinae, which includes. Initiation of biological control against parthenium. Zygogramma bicolorata was first introduced to australia from mexico in 1980 mcfadyen and mcclay, 1981, while in india, weed control efforts using the beetle were initiated in 1983 jayanth and nagarkatti, 1987. Zygogramma bicolorata, a mexican beetle, is the most widely distributed biocontrol agent of the invasive weed parthenium hysterophorus. Zygogramma bicolorata is an efficient biological control agent of carrot weed, parthenium hysterophorus. Zygogramma bicolorata pallister was introduced for biological control trials against the weed parthenium hysterophorus asteraceae in india. Biological studies on zygogramma bicolorata palltstei coleoptera. Defoliation of parthenium hysterophorus by zygogramma bicolorata in kathmandu valley, nepal. Low temperature is a major environmental constraint impacting the geographic distribution and seasonal activity patterns of insects. The text provides comprehensive coverage of foundational research and core biology concepts through an evolutionary lens. Learners should follow the biology curriculum content and use the book to. Impact of defoliation by the biocontrol agent zygogramma.
Coleoptera adults and grubs feed on leaves and flowers. Timespecific life tables were constructed for the mexican beetle, zygogramma bicolorata pallister coleoptera. In the present study, we evaluated mate choice in relation to the mating experience of males and females of menochilus sexmaculatus. Curculionidae, for which permission to release is being sought. Zygogramma bicolorata released at selected sites in pakistan as.
Curculionid mcclay, 1981 zygogramma bicolorata mexico 19811983 leaffeeding parthenium, ambrosia yes. Chrysomelidae is an effective biocontrol agent of parthenium hysterophorus l. This book is aimed at guiding and enhancing understanding of biology content and developing the skills of learners at lower secondary school level for sustainable education and economic development. However, at present the population of this beetle is not large enough to. Pdf fortuitous biological control of parthenium hysterophorus by. This is poisonous, pernicious, allergic, and aggressive weed posing. This page was last edited on 30 august 2018, at 20. Biology and feeding potential of zygogramma bicolorata pall. Zygogramma bicolorata was introduced to india as a biocontrol agent for the weed parthenium hysterophorus, 4 and zygogramma suturalis was introduced to russia as a control for. Biological studies on zygogramma bicolorata pallister coleoptera. Shafiq ansari 2010 cabbage white butterfly, pieris brassicae linn.
Studies showing the effects of temperature on feeding efficiencies of z. Extensive research has shown us that the beetle eats and breeds only on parthenium leaves, said muni muniappan, director of the lab program funded by the u. The culture was originally imported from queensland, australia in 2005 mcconnachie, 2015. Description this book explores the most important aspects of the biology, ecology and management of what is one of the worlds worst weeds. The major characteristics of weeds are their unwanted occurrence, undesirable features and ability to adopt to a disturbed environment combellack, 1992. Parthenium plant is capable of causing allergic respiratory problems, contact dermatitis, diarrhea, skin allergy, skin rashes excessive water loss, mutagenicity, both in human. Impact of defoliation by the biocontrol agentzygogramma. Biological control by mexican beetle zygogramma bicolorata in india based on well documented success by mexican beetle, zygogramma bicolorata palliste r coleoptera. Smith and franklin books in biosciences editorsauthors.
Coleoptera, chrysomelidae to the ussr for biological control of ambrosia weeds. Zygogramma bicolorata pallister is a potential biocontrol agent of. Zygogramma bicolorata, a partheniumleafeating beetle is the only reported biocontrol agent of parthenium in pakistan and is found feeding on leaves of the weed in various parts of lahore, changa manga, rawalpindi, islamabad, and some parts of khyber pakhtunkhwa province. Seasonal variation in the effectiveness of the leaffeeding beetle zygogramma bicolorata coleoptera. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Tortricidae as biocontrol agents on the weed parthenium hysterophorus. Biology and ecology of zygogramma bicolorata pallister, 1953 chandrashekara a. New data on the biology of phaedon fulvescens coleoptera, chrysomelinae, a potential biological control agent on rubus alceifolius rosaceae thomas le bourgeois, aurelien goillot and alain carrara 757 biology and ecology of zygogramma bicolorata pallister, 1953 chandrashekara a.
Jan 16, 2019 parthenium hysterophorus is a highly destructive weed which has invaded and is widespread in around 48 countries in africa, asia, and the south pacific. Systematic information on the quantitative impact of z ygogramma bicolorata on the biology of p arthenium hysterophorus is crucial as the seeds of this weed continue to germinate from the accumulated soil seed bank throughout the year in the form of different germinating flushes, while the activity of the beetle ceases during winter as it enters diapause. Host range tests cast doubt on the suitability of epiblema strenuana as a biological control agent for parthenium hysterophorus in africa. A stemgalling moth epiblema strenuana walker lepidoptera. After a decadelong effort, scientists from the integrated pest management innovation lab released a partheniumeating beetle called zygogramma bicolorata. The exotic beetle zygogramma bicolorata, is an effective biological control. Chrysomelidae, and the impact of tillage on survival and emergence. Zygogramma bicolorata, variously referred to as the parthenium beetle or mexican beetle, is a.
Chrysomelidae as a possible agent for biological control of the weed parthenium hysterophorus l. Chrysomelidae in other countries where they were introduced, beetles. The occurrence and distribution of this beetle in nepal has. Publications iobcglobal, international organisation for.
Initiation of biological control against parthenium hysterophorus l. The biology and host range of the defoliating beetle physonota. Theoretical foundations of introduction of ambrosia leafbeetles of the genus zygogramma chevr. Despite measures adopted for their control, weeds are estimated to reduce world food supplies by about 11. Studies on biology of zygogramma bicolorata pallister on parthenium hysterophorus linnaeus showed that the mexican beetle laid small, oblong, elongated, light. Introduction and establishment of zygogramma bicolorata on. Oct 05, 2017 lethal and sublethal effects of insecticides on the biological attributes of zygogramma bicolorata pallister coleoptera. The impacts of some classical biological control successes, cock m. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Each day the beetles are provided with fresh parthenium leaves and data collection is ongoing until all the insects. At least two species have also been used as a form of biological pest control.
Zygogramma bicolorata chrysomelidae, a promising agent for the biological control of the invasive weed parthenium hysterophorus in south africa helen king submitted in fulfilment of the academic requirements for the degree of master of science in the discipline of entomology school of biological and conservation sciences. Chrysomelidae, a potential biological control agent of parthenium hysterophorus l. Parthenium weed killer, zygogramma bicolorata chrysomelidae. Zygogramma is a large genus of leaf beetles in the subfamily chrysomelinae, which includes approximately 100 species. This dangerous plant is known for its negative impact on biodiversity, agriculture and human being.
Indigenous insects did not successfully control the weed. It is widely acknowledged that in managing invasive species. Chrysomelidae, a potential biocontrol agent of parthenium hysterophorus l. Zygogramma bicolorata, a biocontrol agent, established on parthenium in ethiopia september 23, 2016 by iapps parthenium hysterophorus l. Dec 04, 2018 zygogramma bicolorata, often referred to as the parthenium beetle feeds on the leaves of parthenium and is already being used as a biocontrol in a number of countries invasive species pose a serious threat to food security, biodiversity, water resources, human and animal health, and economic development. Zygogramma bicolorata, a leaffeeding beetle native to mexico, was imported into south africa via central queensland, australia where it was released in the 1980s. However, zygogramma bicolorata, a beetle, was introduced into india. Zygogramma bicolorata was drawn and depicted in figure 1. An experiment was carried out to study the biology and feeding potential of zygogramma bicolorata pall. Parthenium hysterophorus asteraceae, of neotropical origin, has been introduced accidentally into many other tropical and subtropical zones over the last 50 years.
Host range and risk assessment of zygogramma bicolorata, a defoliating agent released in south africa for the biocontrol of parthenium hysterophorus. Scientists are running experiments on two sets of z. Feature beetle for biological suppression of parthenium hysterophorus. Zygogramma bicolorata, a biocontrol agent, established on.
Does zygogramma bicolorata pallister really affects the growth. Citescore values are based on citation counts in a given year e. Beetle may save african crops the science teacher, vol. Pdf biology of zygogramma bicolorata pallister coleoptera. In nature, success of any biological control agent is determined by a number of biotic and abiotic factors over a period of time.
Adults and larvae are used as a form of biological pest control in india in order to control. Asteraceae parthenium, has been a major weed of global significance for several decades, with wideranging impacts on agriculture, biodiversity conservation, and human and animal health. Recent journal of thermal biology articles elsevier. New developments in the biology of chrysomelidae book. The weed has become problematic in early orchard establishment. Evaluation of augmentative release of zygogramma bicolorata. Cassidinae and the stemboring weevil listronotus setosipennis hustache coleoptera.
They used six suppressive plant species with biological control agents epiblema strenuana walker, zygogramma bicolorata pallister, listronotus setosipennis hustache, and puccinia abrupta var. Biology and management of head borer, helicoverpa armigera on sunflower crop miss. Zygogramma bicolorata was found to increase the number of bacterial and fungal microbes present on p. The leaffeeding beetle zygogrammabicolorata pallister was introduced from mexico intoaustralia in 1980 as a biocontrol agent for the weedparthenium hysterophorus l. The present study aimed to assess the effects of temperature and altitude on feeding attributes consumption rate, conversion efficiency and growth rate of adults from the wild populations of z. Predators of a biological control agent decreases its control efficacy to some extent.